Reform of the complaint processing procedure
The National Student Ombudsman, an independent organization outside the school network, who oversees the implementation of the streamlined complaint procedure.
The National Student Ombudsman will conduct an impartial investigation, adhering to established protocols, to safeguard the rights of students and their parents.
The National Student Ombudsman’s mandate encompasses not only preschool, elementary, and secondary education both in the public and private sector, but also home schooling, vocational training, and adult education.
Student and parent rights
The National Student Ombudsman is responsible for applying the complaint and report processing procedure in Québec’s education system.
As part of this province-wide and standardized procedure, the National Student Ombudsman is assisted by Regional Student Ombudsmen throughout Québec. Together, they ensure that student and parent rights are upheld. As a result, they contribute to the continuous improvement of education system services.
Regional Student Ombudsman (RSO)
If the student or their parent is still dissatisfied with how the complaint is being handled, or if the 15-day deadline has expired, they may contact their Regional Student Ombudsman, who will help them draft their written complaint.
The student or their parent may choose the form of communication that best suits them among the following:
- Web complaint form: https://pne.gouv.qc.ca/Anonymous/Index/a1feb0c1-fd38-4675-ab7d-d4e3f80c0fcf/7cd4e09a-a5c8-4fdb-9588-4a8d73f87640?lang=en-US
- Phone or text message: 1-833-420-5233
- Email: plaintes-pne@pne.gouv.qc.ca
Regional Student Ombudsmen have 20 working days to examine the complaint and issue their conclusions. If they deem that the complaint is substantiated, they may make recommendations to the school board.
However, before the conclusions are sent, the National Student Ombudsman examines them. He or she has up to 5 working days to decide whether to examine the complaint in turn. If so, he or she has 10 working days to complete the examination and, if need be, to substitute his or her conclusions or recommendations for those of the Regional Student Ombudsman.
The Regional Student Ombudsman then informs the complainant and the school board about the conclusions and any recommendations.
The school board has 10 working days to inform the complainant and the Regional Student Ombudsman of whether it intends to follow up on the conclusions and recommendations made to it, or of its reasons if it has decided not to act on them.
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* Note that in the case of sexual violence, the student or one of their parents may, if they wish to do so, approach the Regional Student Ombudsman directly.
Making a report
A report, which anyone can make, is possible only if it concerns sexual violence [1] against a student who attends an educational institution.
Such a report is made directly to the Regional Student Ombudsman, omitting the first two steps, by:
- a teacher
- a non-teaching professional staff member
- a member of the executive staff of an educational institution
- other students or one of their parents
- etc.
The person who makes the report may choose the form of communication that best suits him or her among the following:
- Web complaint form: https://pne.gouv.qc.ca/Anonymous/Index/a1feb0c1-fd38-4675-ab7d-d4e3f80c0fcf/7cd4e09a-a5c8-4fdb-9588-4a8d73f87640?lang=en-US
- Phone or text message: 1-833-420-5233
- Email: plaintes-pne@pne.gouv.qc.ca
Reports are fast-tracked. The information that could serve to identify the person who makes the report is kept confidential, unless the person’s consent has been given. If required by law, the Regional Student Ombudsman discloses the person’s identity to the Director of Youth Protection.
Regional Student Ombudsmen may also, on their own initiative, process cases of sexual violence.
Protection against reprisal
The Act respecting the National Student Ombudsman protects against reprisal people who, in good faith, make a report or file a complaint, cooperate in the processing of a report or complaint or accompany a person who makes a report or files a complaint.
It is also prohibited to threaten to retaliate against a person to dissuade him or her from filing a complaint or making a report.
The following are presumed to be reprisal measures against students or their parents:
- Depriving them of rights
- Treating them differently
- Suspending or expelling the student
For the staff members of an educational institution who make a report or cooperate in the examination of a complaint or report, the following are presumed to be reprisal measures:
- Their demotion
- Their suspension
- Termination of their employment
- Their transfer
- Disciplinary sanctions or other measures that adversely affect their employment or working conditions.
Fines for a natural person who retaliates or threatens to retaliate range from $2,000 to $20,000. Fines can vary from $10,000 to $250,000 for legal persons.